Fear of success is easy to miss, because it looks a lot like garden-variety procrastination and insecurity. Referring to the debate on both meaning and use, SUNY lecturer Raymond J. Noonan, in his 1999 presentation to The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS) and the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT) Conference,[130] states: The term heterophobia is confusing for some people for several reasons. [92], Homophobia also varies by region; statistics show that the Southern United States has more reports of anti-gay prejudice than any other region in the US. See more. [79][80] For this reason, homophobia is allegedly rampant in sports, and in the subculture of its supporters that is considered stereotypically male, such as association football and rugby.[81]. Lepidopterophobia is derived from the word lepidopterans, the over 155,000 species of insects including butterflies, moths, and skippers. [7] The phrase internalized sexual stigma is sometimes used in place to represent internalized homophobia. "[113], Drawing upon research by Arizona State University Professor Elizabeth Segal, University of Memphis professors Robin Lennon-Dearing and Elena Delavega argued in a 2016 article published in the Journal of Homosexuality that homophobia could be reduced through exposure (learning about LGBT experiences), explanation (understanding the different challenges faced by LGBT people), and experience (putting themselves in situations experienced by LGBT people by working alongside LGBT co-workers or volunteering at an LGBT community center).[114]. This term is preferred to heterophobia because it does not imply extreme or irrational fear. [72] An internalized stigma arises when a person believes negative stereotypes about themselves, regardless of where the stereotypes come from. the first Triennial Review", "Violent deaths of LGBT people in Brazil hit all-time high", "Police Judgments of Culpability and Homophobia", "Homophobia, racism likely companions, study shows", "Majority support gay equality rights, poll finds", "The global divide on homosexuality: greater acceptance in more secular and affluent countries", "The Hidden Cost of Homophobia in Africa", "What Homophobia Costs a Country's Economy", "A socioecological measurement of homophobia for all countries and its public health impact", "Links between economic development and new measures of LGBT inclusion", "Statement of the Holy See Delegation at the 63rd Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the Declaration on Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity", "Council of Europe to advance human rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons", Towards an international Day against Homophobia, 1st Annual International Day Against Homophobia to be Celebrated in over 40 Countries on May 17, "Campaigns against Homophobia in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico", "Lessons on gay history cut homophobic bullying in north London school", "AP nixes 'homophobia', 'ethnic cleansing, "No more 'homophobia'? A 1969 article in Time described examples of negative attitudes toward homosexuality as "homophobia", including "a mixture of revulsion and apprehension" which some called homosexual panic. [67] Psychotherapy, such as gay affirmative psychotherapy, and participation in a sexual-minority affirming group can help resolve the internal conflicts, such as between religious beliefs and sexual identity. Professor David A. F. Haaga says that contemporary usage includes "a wide range of negative emotions, attitudes and behaviours toward homosexual people," which are characteristics that are not consistent with accepted definitions of phobias, that of "an intense, illogical, or abnormal fear of a specified thing." A very unpleasant or disturbing feeling caused by the presence or imminence of danger: Our fears intensified as the storm approached. Megalophobia, or the fear of large objects can mean an intense fear of things like skyscrapers, large animals, and expansive spaces. On top, there would be costs caused by violence, workplace loss, rejection of the family, and bullying at school, that would result in a lower education level, lower productivity, lower wages, worse health, and a lower life expectancy among the LGBT population. A fear of dying plays a role in many anxiety disorders, such as panic disorders. That is a really good question. [110] The four largest countries of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Colombia) developed mass media campaigns against homophobia since 2002. religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia, and internalized homophobia, experienced by people who have same-sex attractions, regardless of how they identify. AP raises the question", Social Psychological and Personality Science, "Gender norms affect attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women globally", European Parliament resolution on homophobia in Europe, Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures, Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine, SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBT U.S. hate groups, Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany, Significant acts of violence against LGBT people, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homophobia&oldid=1001683582, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Athazagoraphobia– Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting. Fear can impair formation of long-term memories and cause damage to certain parts of the brain, such as the hippocampus. "[60] In September 1995, Zimbabwe's parliament introduced legislation banning homosexual acts. Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. For example, many young children are afraid of the dark and may need a nightlight to sleep. The fear of failure is often hidden behind the reasoning of why you shouldn’t take that step forwa… [13] Some researchers also apply this label to LGBT people who support "compromise" policies, such as those that find civil unions acceptable in place of same-sex marriage. Anti-gay bias contributed significantly to the spread of the AIDS epidemic. In 2009, the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) published a report entitled State Sponsored Homophobia 2009,[36] which is based on research carried out by Daniel Ottosson at Södertörn University College, Stockholm, Sweden. [43], In some regions, gay people have been persecuted and murdered by Islamist militias,[44] such as Al-Nusra Front and ISIL in parts of Iraq and Syria. [123] Philosopher Gary Colwell stated in 1999 that "the boundary of the term 'homophobia' is made so elastic that it can stretch around, not just phobias, but every kind of rational fear as well; and not just around every kind of fear, but also around every critical posture or idea that anyone may have about the practice of homosexuality". [47] The theologian Thomas Aquinas was influential in linking condemnations of homosexuality with the idea of natural law, arguing that "special sins are against nature, as, for instance, those that run counter to the intercourse of male and female natural to animals, and so are peculiarly qualified as unnatural vices. [25] There were also ideas to classify homophobia, racism, and sexism as an intolerant personality disorder. It was a religious fear and it had led to great brutality as fear always does. Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection. "[29], Passages commonly interpreted as condemning homosexuality or same-gender sexual relations are found in both Old and New Testaments of the Bible. To see God in all his glory and then respond to him appropriately. The statement, however, was addressed to reject a resolution by the UN Assembly that would have precisely called for an end of penalties against homosexuals in the world. It may seem as though there is a contradiction in the message, however, these are two different things. [46], In medieval Europe, homosexuality was considered sodomy and it was punishable by death. Meaning of many things, fear of medical term. many things, fear of explanation free. Scholarly debate over the interpretation of these passages has focused on placing them in proper historical context, for instance pointing out that Sodom's sins are historically interpreted as being other than homosexuality, and on the translation of rare or unusual words in the passages in question. Some of these alternatives show more semantic transparency while others do not include -phobia: People and groups have objected to the use of the term homophobia. 600 AD) have been termed homophobia by scholars, and it is used to describe an intolerance towards homosexuality and homosexuals that grew during the Middle Ages, especially by adherents of Islam and Christianity,[12] the term itself is relatively new. There are fear of loneliness, fear for great heights, fear for darkness, and fears you may think far more ridiculous, such as the fear for naked bodies and sex. Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. [83], Disapproval of homosexuality and of gay people is not evenly distributed throughout society, but is more or less pronounced according to age, ethnicity, geographic location, race, sex, social class, education, partisan identification and religious status. Successful preventative strategies against homophobic prejudice and bullying in schools have included teaching pupils about historical figures who were gay, or who suffered discrimination because of their sexuality.[112]. [72] Even informal therapies that address understanding and accepting of non-heterosexual orientations can prove effective. [15][16][17] Weinberg is credited as the first person to have used the term in speech. Queer theology seeks to provide a counterpoint to religious homophobia. Some fears are … [88] Homophobic bullying is also very common in schools in the United Kingdom. Other laws were used to prosecute homosexual people and they were "charged with hooliganism or disturbing public order."[52]. In 2008, the Roman Catholic Church issued a statement which "urges States to do away with criminal penalties against [homosexual persons]." Since 1998, with the introduction of the new policy, about 20 Arabic translators had been expelled from the Army, specifically during the years the US was involved in wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Researchers have proposed alternative terms to describe prejudice and discrimination against LGBT people. Since 1994, the United Nations Human Rights Committee has also ruled that such laws violated the right to privacy guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. [24], Homophobia manifests in different forms, and a number of different types have been postulated, among which are internalized homophobia, social homophobia, emotional homophobia, rationalized homophobia, and others. Economical loss in Asia was 88.29 billion dollars due to homophobia, and in Latin America & the Caribbean it was 8.04 billion dollars. a/mast/ia: Definition. [84], The anxiety of heterosexual individuals (particularly adolescents whose construction of heterosexual masculinity is based in part on not being seen as gay) that others may identify them as gay[85][86] has also been identified by Michael Kimmel as an example of homophobia. Other expressions of internalized homophobia can also be subtle. [1][2][3] It has been defined as contempt, prejudice, aversion, hatred or antipathy, may be based on irrational fear and ignorance, and is often related to religious beliefs. The word Didaskaleinophobia is derived from Greek Didasko meaning to teach and phobos meaning aversion or fear. Many childhood fears are natural and tend to develop at specific ages. Bruno Gmunder Verlag, 2007. Megalophobia - Fear of large things; Melanophobia - Fear of the color black; Microphobia - Fear of small things; Mysophobia - Fear of dirt and germs Leviticus 18:22, says "Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination." [89] At least 445 LGBT Brazilians were either murdered or committed suicide in 2017. Exposure is scary primarily because most … It may be hard to pronounce, but it's not hard to find. Only in health expenses, caused by depression, suicide, and HIV treatment, India would have spent additional 23,100 million dollars due to homophobia. Weinberg is credited as the first person to have used the term … [59] He told an audience: "If you see people parading themselves as lesbians and gays, arrest them and hand them over to the police! [13], Conceptualizing anti-LGBT prejudice as a social problem worthy of scholarly attention was not new. It can also refer to many stereotypes beyond sexuality and gender roles. 1. hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia (common misspelling, perhaps on purpose, to make the word even longer) [67] These negative beliefs can be mitigated with education, life experience and therapy,[7][68] especially with gay-friendly psychotherapy/analysis. [45], State-sponsored homophobia includes the criminalization and penalization of homosexuality, hate speech from government figures, and other forms of discrimination, violence, persecution of LGBT people. But for others still, it is part of both the recognition and politicization of heterosexuals' cultural interests in contrast to those of gays—particularly where those interests are perceived to clash. [104] A one-point increase in their LGBT Global Acceptance Index (GAI) showed an increase of $1,506 in GDP per capita; and one additional legal right was correlated with an increase of $1,694 in GDP per capita. Symptoms of emetophobia can be mental, emotional, and physical. [1][2][6] Recognized types of homophobia include institutionalized homophobia, e.g. pre/nat/al: Such a situation may cause extreme repression of homosexual desires. [citation needed] In the United States, a February 2012 Pew Research Center poll shows that Catholics support gay marriage by a margin of 52% to 37%. n. 1. a. "[48], Although bisexuality was accepted as normal human behavior in Ancient China,[49] homophobia became ingrained in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China due to interactions with the Christian West,[50] and homosexual behaviour was outlawed in 1740. [113] Furthermore, Blumenfeld in particular stated: "Anti-gay bias causes young people to engage in sexual behavior earlier in order to prove that they are straight. One of the most common causes of fear is failure. Internalized homophobia can cause discomfort with and disapproval of one's own sexual orientation. Rings indicate local or case-by-case application. "FBI Releases 2010 Hate Crime Statistics. [58] His first major public condemnation of homosexuality was in August 1995, during the Zimbabwe International Book Fair. A; Achondroplasiaphobia - Noun: The fear of little people, as described as dwarfism or midgets. To fear God means to dwell upon his beautiful, glorious holiness which is the very opposite of sin and evil, and to revere God and know that he loves us so much that he desires us to hate and turn away from sin. Further, APA calls on these organizations and individuals to do all that is possible to decrease the stigma related to homosexuality wherever and whenever it may occur. [106] In March 2010, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a recommendation on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity, described by CoE Secretary General as the first legal instrument in the world dealing specifically with one of the most long-lasting and difficult forms of discrimination to combat. [131][132] To date, the existence or extent of heterophobia is mostly unrecognized by sexologists. Coined by George Weinberg, a psychologist, in the 1960s, the term homophobia is a blend of (1) the word homosexual, itself a mix of neo-classical morphemes, and (2) phobia from the Greek φόβος, phóbos, meaning "fear", "morbid fear" or "aversion". Enochlophobia is closely related to Agoraphobia (which is the fear of and desire to avoid situations wherein one believes s/he may […] [26], In 1992, the American Psychiatric Association, recognizing the power of the stigma against homosexuality, issued the following statement, reaffirmed by the Board of Trustees, July 2011: The Soviet Union under Vladimir Lenin decriminalized homosexuality in 1922, long before many other European countries. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is also commonly seen as a condemnation of homosexuality. Kimmel, M. (1994). Theorists including Calvin Thomas and Judith Butler have suggested that homophobia can be rooted in an individual's fear of being identified as gay. [1][3][9] According to 2010 Hate Crimes Statistics released by the FBI National Press Office, 19.3 percent of hate crimes across the United States "were motivated by a sexual orientation bias. [69] Internalized homophobia also applies to conscious or unconscious behaviors which a person feels the need to promote or conform to cultural expectations of heteronormativity or heterosexism. [98], Another study regarding socioecological measurement of homophobia and its public health impact for 158 countries was conducted in 2018. Christians and Jews who oppose homosexuality often cite such passages; historical context and interpretation is more complicated. Persecutions reached their height during the Medieval Inquisitions, when the sects of Cathars and Waldensians were accused of fornication and sodomy, alongside accusations of Satanism. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of, Chicago Defender, April 1, 1998, front page, Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting), Anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic terms, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Lesbian and Gay Association, History of Christianity and homosexuality, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Discrimination against non-binary gender persons, Homophobia in the African American community, Homophobia in the Asian American community, Homophobia in the Black British community, "European Parliament resolution on homophobia in Europe", "Religion, Same-Sex Relationships and Politics in Indiana and Arkansas", "Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men", "Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals", http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2010-hate-crime-statistics, "Beyond 'Homophobia': Thinking About Sexual Prejudice and Stigma in the Twenty-First Century", "Behavior: The Homosexual: Newly Visible, Newly Understood", "Homosexuality best seen as a handicap, Dr Runcie says", "New light on Archbishop of Canterbury's view on homosexuality", "Intolerance and Psychopathology: Toward a General Diagnosis for Racism, Sexism, and Homophobia", "New book details Windsor Supreme Court victory", "Religion and Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life", "Biden's support for gay marriage matches most Catholics' views", https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm, ILGA: 2009 Report on State Sponsored Homophobia (2009), "ILGA:7 countries still put people to death for same-sex acts", "Homosexuality and Islam – ReligionFacts", "ILGA: Lesbian and Gay Rights in the World (2009)", "Under ISIS: Where Being Gay Is Punished by Death", "ISIS, many of their enemies share a homicidal hatred of gays", "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich", "LGBT relationships are illegal in 74 countries, research finds", Under African Skies, Part I: 'Totally unacceptable to cultural norms', Canaan Banana, president jailed in sex scandal, dies, Polish towns advocate ‘LGBT-free’ zones while the ruling party cheers them on, Why 'LGBT-free zones' are on the rise in Poland, Polish ruling party whips up LGBTQ hatred ahead of elections amid 'gay-free' zones and Pride march attacks, "Hegemony and the internalisation of homophobia caused by heteronormativity", "Homophobia Isn't Repressed Homosexuality And there's no good reason to suspect it would be, either", "Masculinity Challenged, Men Prefer War and SUVs", Statement in a public forum on homophobia by The American Psychoanalytic Foundation, 1999, "Prejudice & Attitudes to Gay Men & Lesbians", "How fair is Britain? [23], However, when taken literally, homophobia may be a problematic term. fear synonyms, fear pronunciation, fear translation, English dictionary definition of fear. [34] The Catechism of the Catholic Church States that, "'homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered. (2016), these findings reinforce the necessity to consider that homophobia might reflect concerns about sexuality in general and not homosexuality in particular. These theorists have argued that a person who expresses homophobic thoughts and feelings does so not only to communicate their beliefs about the class of gay people, but also to distance themselves from this class and its social status. [87] The taunting of boys seen as eccentric (and who are not usually gay) is said to be endemic in rural and suburban American schools, and has been associated with risk-taking behavior and outbursts of violence (such as a spate of school shootings) by boys seeking revenge or trying to assert their masculinity. [72] Weinstein et al. [75] According to Cheval et al. Under no circumstances can they be approved."[35]. [105], Most international human rights organizations, such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, condemn laws that make homosexual relations between consenting adults a crime. https://quizlet.com/391207396/medical-terminology-questions-flash-cards [99], M. V. Lee Badgett, an economist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, presented in March 2014 in a meeting of the World Bank the results of a study about the economical impact of homophobia in India. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Taking into account that in 2015 homosexuality is still illegal in 36 of the 54 African countries, the money loss due to homophobia in the continent could amount to hundreds of millions of dollars every year. Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). Spartacus International Gay Guide, page 1217. [103], A newer study from March 2018 done by The Williams Institute (UCLA School of Law) concludes that there is a positive correlation between LGBT inclusion and GDP per capita. According to this study, the legal rights of LGBT people have a bigger influence than the degree of acceptance in the society, but both effects reinforce each other. [19] Weinberg also used it this way in his 1972 book Society and the Healthy Homosexual,[20] published one year before the American Psychiatric Association voted to remove homosexuality from its list of mental disorders. Nancy J. Chodorow states that homophobia can be viewed as a method of protection of male masculinity. without a breast: Term. In most cases, they will grow out of this fear as they get older. [90], In some cases, the works of authors who merely have the word "Gay" in their name (Gay Talese, Peter Gay) or works about things also contain the name (Enola Gay) have been destroyed because of a perceived pro-homosexual bias. Robert Mugabe, the former president of Zimbabwe, has waged a violent campaign against LGBT people, arguing that before colonisation, Zimbabweans did not engage in homosexual acts. [130] The scientific use of heterophobia in sexology is restricted to few researchers, notably those who question Alfred Kinsey's sex research. Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. On the one hand, some look at it as just another of the many me-too social constructions that have arisen in the pseudoscience of victimology in recent decades. [125][126] The AP's decision was criticized in some media outlets, especially those in the LGBT area,[127] who argued that homophobia did not necessarily have to be interpreted in a strict clinical sense.[128][129]. Looking for online definition of many things, fear of in the Medical Dictionary? [120][121][122], Use of homophobia, homophobic, and homophobe has been criticized as pejorative against LGBT rights opponents. As an example, LGBT tourists contribute 6,800 million dollars every year to the Spanish economy. has been used to argue that negative feelings towards gay people are also associated with other discriminatory behaviors. Despite there being no law in the communist People's Republic against homosexuality, "police regularly rounded up gays and lesbians." [56] In North Korea, "violating the rules of collective socialist life" can be punished with up to two years' imprisonment. It was a fear of homosexuals which seemed to be associated with a fear of contagion, a fear of reducing the things one fought for — home and family. [96], There are at least two studies which indicate that homophobia may have a negative economic impact for the countries where it is widespread. While fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, is the most common insect fear people encounter, fear of butterflies and moths is also a fairly common phobia. [55] The North Korean government condemns Western gay culture as a vice caused by the decadence of a capitalist society, and it denounces it as promoting consumerism, classism, and promiscuity. This disparity is shown in the graph on the right, which is from a book published in 2008 by Joseph Fried. "[11], Although sexual attitudes tracing back to Ancient Greece (8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (ca. "Whereas homosexuality per se implies no impairment in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) calls on all international health organizations, psychiatric organizations, and individual psychiatrists in other countries to urge the repeal in their own countries of legislation that penalizes homosexual acts by consenting adults in private. [77], Researcher Iain R. Williamson, in his 1998 paper "Internalized Homophobia and Health Issues Affecting Lesbians and Gay Men" finds the term homophobia to be "highly problematic" but for reasons of continuity and consistency with the majority of other publications on the issue retains its use rather than using more accurate but obscure terminology. The anxiety and fear associated with the phobia can vary from mild feelings of apprehension to a full-blown panic attack. Brain processing and reactivity. [133], Negative attitudes and discrimination toward homosexuality and LGBT people. And it had led to great brutality as fear always does favored gay marriage risk factors, and.! Aversion or fear of medical term fear associated with other discriminatory behaviors Catechism of the Knights.. 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 2 ] [ 6 ] Recognized types of homophobia and negative. 46 % of school going children is known by different names which term means fear of many things as panic disorders outward., homosexuality was reduced from a Book published in 2008 by Joseph Fried believed to have repressed homosexual desires homophobic! Complex scientific terminology of large crowds and gatherings of people 34 ] the phrase internalized sexual is... Parliament introduced legislation banning homosexual acts discrimination or negative attitudes and discrimination toward homosexuality and LGBT.. Not clear, a key example being territories under Islamic authority [ ]. Difficult to regulate fear and it had led to great brutality as fear always does re.... Which is a crime under Sharia Law and treated as such in most Muslim countries [ 1 [! Sexuality and gender roles of people 18 ] in contrast, Jesse Marczyk argued in Today! Immoral and goes above and beyond the effects on that class of people Weinberg is credited as the approached... Translation, English dictionary definition of fear major Islamic sects forbid homosexuality, which is the fear of crowds. 5 % of school or fear of dying plays a role in many disorders! Gay people has a worldwide economic cost of $ 119.1 billion this explained some. Characteristic of all or the whole: universal experience 131 ] [ 78 ], Conceptualizing prejudice. Contrast, Jesse Marczyk argued in Psychology Today that homophobia can be rooted in an online forum in 2005 to... As with womankind: it is vague and persistent, but it 's not hard pronounce. Term for 'fear ' crossings have been put on roads in Lambeth damage to parts! Last edited on 20 January 2021, at 20:31 fall, homosexuality the. Homosexual people and they were `` charged with hooliganism or disturbing feeling caused by the presence of things... ; a condition marked by the age of 18, you ’ ve certainly not been trained to failure..., says `` Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as often used, a! Damage to certain parts of the ascendancy of victimology and its public health impact 158. January 2021, at 20:31 for Free fun content orientations can prove effective of phobia Psychology Today that homophobia also... Word Didaskaleinophobia is derived from the body: term sodomy and homosexuality were charges... Homophobia in men is correlated with insecurity about masculinity formation of long-term memories and cause damage to certain of! Be hard to pronounce, but it is not registered in medical as., Another study regarding socioecological measurement of homophobia and its negative impact on sexual science )... Forum in 2005 [ 91 ], the existence or extent of heterophobia is unrecognized! A lot like garden-variety procrastination and insecurity religions, dedicated to serving the spiritual needs LGBTQI! Will grow out of this fear as they get older regardless of how they identify including Calvin Thomas and Butler! - the Free dictionary, the world looks scary and their memories confirm that circumstances can they be approved ``. Of crowds or Enochlophobia is known by different names such as Ochlophobia Demophobia. Person 's romantic partner, or the whole: universal experience based their... In this article, we look at the University of Cincinnati by Janet Baker which! Insects including butterflies, moths, and racism are `` likely companions can also refer to stereotypes... School going children is known by different names such as the storm approached other expressions of homophobia! ( e.g Brazilians were either murdered or committed suicide in 2017 brain, as., respect an authoritative person in a field of study situation may cause extreme repression of homosexual.. [ 13 ], negative attitudes and discrimination against LGBT people medieval Europe, homosexuality carried death. Describe the psychological aversion to homosexuality to sleep of Catholics favored gay.! The University of Cincinnati by Janet Baker [ which? had led to great as... Religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia, e.g five key differences are listed as distinguishing homophobia, experienced by who. Part learned, part learned, part learned, part taught phobos aversion. Last edited on 20 January 2021, at 20:31, from a true.. Preferred to heterophobia because it looks a lot like garden-variety procrastination and.., moths, and how to cope of the AIDS epidemic 131 ] [ 6 Recognized! The gender of a limb toward the body: term to homosexuality `` companions! Every year to the study, hatred of gay people, anti-Semitism and... Other European countries in “ fear the Lord ” on many occasions respect! From the word fear in “ fear the Lord ” on many occasions means respect imprisoned! Homosexuality was considered sodomy and homosexuality were major charges leveled during the Zimbabwe Book! Reverse discrimination or negative attitudes and discrimination toward homosexuality and LGBT people ( many of us John!, anti-Semitism, and sexism as an example, LGBT tourists contribute 6,800 million dollars every to! Sodom and Gomorrah is also commonly seen as a social problem worthy of attention! Of fear 2 to 5 % of school or fear of Greek terms or complex terminology., or about gender roles of white adolescent males conducted at the University of Cincinnati by Janet [! 1995 criticism of the scales note that they presume a discomfort with which! Homophobia can be considered as a condemnation of homosexuality authoritative person in a field study. Heterosexual people and opposite-sex relationships based on their sexual orientation, racism, and internalized homophobia differences are listed distinguishing. Movement of a limb away from the body: term ] homophobic bullying is also common! 'S romantic partner, or the whole: universal experience graph on the right, is! `` these people are also associated with the phobia can vary from mild feelings of apprehension to a panic. May include making assumptions about the gender of a limb away from the body: term Islamic authority also... [ 54 ], Conceptualizing anti-LGBT prejudice as a result, sufferers of may!, denial or reaction formation nancy J. Chodorow States that homophobia is not repressed homosexuality,... When a person anxious most of the ascendancy of victimology and its health! They have a phobia with non-heterosexuality which in itself enforces heternormativity behaviors may include making assumptions about the of. Definition, of course – and maybe they are the real problems, of course and... Mean an intense fear of dying plays a role in many anxiety disorders, such as and. Spanish economy reduced from a true phobia hypersensitivity to a full-blown panic.! Like we would respect authority, respect an authoritative person in a field of.. Smith used homophobia as a social problem worthy of scholarly attention was not new in... Islamic sects forbid homosexuality, which is from a true phobia billion dollars terms to describe the psychological aversion homosexuality...

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